The trombone is a fascinating brass instrument known for its rich sound and expressive capabilities. One of the techniques that trombone players can use to create different tones is called “con sord.” This Italian term translates to “with mute.” In this article, we will explore what con sord means, how it is applied to the trombone, the types of mutes used, and the effects of using a mute on the instrument’s sound. We will also discuss the musical contexts in which con sord is commonly employed and provide tips for trombone players interested in experimenting with this technique.
What Does “Con Sord” Mean?
“Con sord” is a musical term that indicates the use of a mute while playing an instrument. A mute is a device placed in or on the instrument to alter its sound. When a musician plays con sord, they are essentially saying, “Play with a mute.” This technique is used to create a softer, more subdued sound that can add a unique character to the music.
In orchestral and band settings, con sord is often used to achieve a specific mood or color in the music. The trombone, with its ability to produce a wide range of tones, can greatly benefit from the use of mutes.
The Purpose of Using a Mute
Using a mute serves several purposes:
Sound Modification: Mutes change the instrument’s timbre. The sound becomes softer and often more focused. This can create a more intimate atmosphere in a performance.
Dynamic Control: Mutes allow players to control the volume of their sound. This is particularly useful in orchestral settings where balance among instruments is crucial.
Artistic Expression: Mutes can add expressive qualities to music. They can create a haunting, distant sound or a bright, cutting tone, depending on the type of mute used.
Variety in Performance: Using mutes adds variety to a performance. It allows musicians to explore different sound colors and textures, enhancing the overall musical experience.
Types of Mutes for Trombone
There are several types of mutes that trombone players can use. Each type has its own unique sound and application. Here are the most common mutes used with the trombone:
1. Straight Mute
The straight mute is one of the most commonly used mutes for the trombone. It is typically made of metal or plastic and has a conical shape. When inserted into the bell of the trombone, the straight mute produces a bright, focused sound.
Sound Characteristics: The straight mute creates a more nasal and thinner tone compared to an open sound. It is often used in jazz and classical music to achieve a more subdued effect.
Usage: Trombonists often use the straight mute in orchestral settings, especially in pieces that require a softer dynamic. It is also popular in jazz for creating a unique sound during solos.
2. Cup Mute
The cup mute has a cup-shaped design that fits into the bell of the trombone. It is typically made of metal or rubber and is designed to produce a warmer, rounder tone.
Sound Characteristics: The cup mute softens the sound and gives it a more mellow quality. It can add a rich, velvety texture to the music.
Usage: The cup mute is commonly used in orchestral music where a warm sound is desired. It is also used in jazz, particularly in ballads, to create a smooth, lyrical line.
3. Harmon Mute
The harmon mute is a unique mute that has a movable stem. This mute can be adjusted to create different sound effects. The harmon mute is often made of metal and has a distinctive, bright sound.
Sound Characteristics: The harmon mute produces a sound that is both bright and slightly muted. It can create a “wah-wah” effect when the stem is moved in and out.
Usage: This mute is popular in jazz music, especially for creating expressive solos. It can also be used in classical music to add color and variety to the trombone’s sound.
4. Plunger Mute
The plunger mute is a simple device made from a rubber plunger, similar to those used for unclogging sinks. Trombone players can use it to create a variety of effects by adjusting its position on the bell.
Sound Characteristics: The plunger mute produces a sound that can be very expressive and can range from soft to very loud. It can create a “growling” effect, adding a unique character to the music.
Usage: This mute is often used in jazz for its versatility. Trombonists can create various sounds and effects, making it a favorite for improvisation.
How to Use a Mute on Trombone
Using a mute on the trombone requires some technique and practice. Here are some tips for trombone players looking to experiment with con sord:
1. Choosing the Right Mute
Select the mute that best fits the music you are playing. Consider the sound you want to achieve and the context of the performance. Each mute has its own unique sound, so try out different mutes to see which one you prefer.
2. Inserting the Mute
When inserting the mute, do so gently to avoid damaging the instrument. Make sure the mute fits snugly in the bell. A loose mute can cause unwanted vibrations and affect the sound quality.
3. Adjusting Playing Technique
Playing with a mute may require some adjustments in your playing technique. The sound can be softer and more focused, so you may need to modify your breath support and embouchure.
Breath Control: Use controlled airflow to maintain a steady sound. This is important, especially when playing softly.
Embouchure: Ensure your embouchure is firm but relaxed. This will help produce a clear sound even with the mute in place.
4. Experimenting with Dynamics
When playing con sord, experiment with different dynamics. Try playing softly and gradually increasing the volume. This will help you understand how the mute affects your sound and allow you to explore expressive possibilities.
5. Listening and Adjusting
Listen carefully to the sound you produce with the mute. Pay attention to how it blends with other instruments if you are playing in a group. Adjust your playing as needed to achieve the desired sound.
Musical Contexts for Con Sord
The con sord technique is used in various musical contexts. Here are some examples of when trombone players might use mutes:
1. Orchestral Music
In orchestral settings, trombone players often use mutes to blend with other instruments. Composers may specify the use of mutes in their scores to achieve a particular sound. For example, in pieces by composers like Mahler or Stravinsky, the trombone may be asked to play con sord to create a softer, more atmospheric sound.
2. Jazz Music
In jazz, the trombone is a versatile instrument that can take on many roles. Trombonists often use mutes to add character to their solos. The harmon mute, in particular, is popular among jazz musicians for its expressive capabilities. Players can create a wide range of sounds, from smooth lines to punchy accents.
3. Big Band Music
In big band settings, trombone players frequently use mutes to enhance their sound. The straight mute is often used for its bright, cutting tone, allowing the trombone to stand out in the ensemble. Mutes help create dynamic contrasts and add excitement to the music.
4. Solo Performances
Trombone players may also use mutes in solo performances to showcase their creativity. By experimenting with different mutes, players can create unique soundscapes and express their musical ideas in new ways.
Conclusion
The trombone’s ability to play con sord adds depth and versatility to its sound. By using mutes, players can modify their tone, control dynamics, and express a wide range of emotions in their music. Understanding the different types of mutes and how to use them effectively is essential for any trombone player.
Whether in orchestras, jazz bands, or solo performances, the con sord technique allows trombonists to explore new musical territories. With practice and experimentation, players can develop their unique sound and enhance their musical expression. So, if you play the trombone, consider trying out different mutes and discover the exciting possibilities that con sord has to offer!
